Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: An intelligent nanoliposome alleviates disc degeneration and discogenic pain by inhibiting neurovascular ingrowth via a “Soil-conditioning, seed-modulating, and weeds-suppressing” strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative stress and aberrant neurovascularization are progressively enhanced during IVDD. (A) Representative T2-weighted MRI images showing disc structure in human intervertebral discs at varying Pfirrmann degeneration grades (II–IV). (B–C) Fluorescent staining and quantitative analysis of ROS levels in primary NPCs from grades II–IV NP tissues, showing a significant increase in oxidative stress with disease severity (n = 5). Scale bar, 20 μm. (D–F) IHC staining and quantitative analyses of CD31 and Tuj1 across different degenerative grades (n = 5). Scale bar, 50 μm. (G) H&E, SOFG, and IF staining of COL2A1 and MMP3 for IVDs (n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (H) Histological score of the IVD tissues (n = 5). (I–J) Quantification of IF staining for COL2A1 and MMP3 (n = 5). (K–M) IF staining and corresponding quantification analyses of CD31 and Tuj1 in disc tissues of sham and AFP-treated mice (n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The comparisons among groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. ∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗, P < 0.0001; ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence (IF) staining, antigen retrieval was conducted using citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0), followed by blocking in 10 % normal goat serum (Solarbio, Cat. No. SL038) at room temperature for 1 h. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies targeting ACAN (Cat. No. DF7561, Affinity), COL2A1 (Cat. No. AF0135, Affinity), MMP3 (Cat. No. AF0217, Affinity), MMP13 (Cat. No. 18165-1-AP, Proteintech), CD31 (Cat. No. AF0077, Affinity), p-LATS1 (Cat. No. AF7170, Affinity), p-YAP (Cat. No. AF3328, Affinity), Tuj1 (Cat. No. 66375, Proteintech), CGRP (Cat. No. DF7386, Affinity), SP (Cat. No. DF7522, Affinity), and PGP9.5 (Cat. No. AF5490, Affinity) followed by incubation with appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature and counterstaining with DAPI (Beyotime, Cat. No. C1006).

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: An intelligent nanoliposome alleviates disc degeneration and discogenic pain by inhibiting neurovascular ingrowth via a “Soil-conditioning, seed-modulating, and weeds-suppressing” strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: NM-LP TK /RSV-MnCDs attenuates H 2 O 2 -induced ECM degradation by enhancing anabolic gene expression and suppressing catabolic activity in NPCs. (A–D) RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression levels of anabolic markers Acan and Col2a1 , and catabolic enzymes Adamts5 and Mmp3 in NPCs (n = 3). (E–G) Representative IF images and quantitative analyses of ACAN and MMP3 expression in NPCs across treatment groups, showing reduced ECM degradation in NM-LPTK/RSV-MnCDs-treated NPCs (n = 3). Scale bar, 30 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The comparisons among groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. ∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗, P < 0.0001; ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence (IF) staining, antigen retrieval was conducted using citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0), followed by blocking in 10 % normal goat serum (Solarbio, Cat. No. SL038) at room temperature for 1 h. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies targeting ACAN (Cat. No. DF7561, Affinity), COL2A1 (Cat. No. AF0135, Affinity), MMP3 (Cat. No. AF0217, Affinity), MMP13 (Cat. No. 18165-1-AP, Proteintech), CD31 (Cat. No. AF0077, Affinity), p-LATS1 (Cat. No. AF7170, Affinity), p-YAP (Cat. No. AF3328, Affinity), Tuj1 (Cat. No. 66375, Proteintech), CGRP (Cat. No. DF7386, Affinity), SP (Cat. No. DF7522, Affinity), and PGP9.5 (Cat. No. AF5490, Affinity) followed by incubation with appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature and counterstaining with DAPI (Beyotime, Cat. No. C1006).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: An intelligent nanoliposome alleviates disc degeneration and discogenic pain by inhibiting neurovascular ingrowth via a “Soil-conditioning, seed-modulating, and weeds-suppressing” strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: NM-LP TK /RSV-MnCDs suppresses vascular ingrowth and matrix degradation in AFP-induced disc degeneration through Hippo pathway inactivation. (A–D) Representative IF images and quantitative analyses of CD31 and Tuj1 in IVDs from AFP-induced IVDD mice treated with MCB, TRULI, or their combinations with NM-LP TK /RSV-MnCDs (n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (E–H) IF staining and quantification of COL2A1 and MMP13 expression in NP regions (n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The comparisons among groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. ∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗, P < 0.0001; ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence (IF) staining, antigen retrieval was conducted using citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0), followed by blocking in 10 % normal goat serum (Solarbio, Cat. No. SL038) at room temperature for 1 h. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies targeting ACAN (Cat. No. DF7561, Affinity), COL2A1 (Cat. No. AF0135, Affinity), MMP3 (Cat. No. AF0217, Affinity), MMP13 (Cat. No. 18165-1-AP, Proteintech), CD31 (Cat. No. AF0077, Affinity), p-LATS1 (Cat. No. AF7170, Affinity), p-YAP (Cat. No. AF3328, Affinity), Tuj1 (Cat. No. 66375, Proteintech), CGRP (Cat. No. DF7386, Affinity), SP (Cat. No. DF7522, Affinity), and PGP9.5 (Cat. No. AF5490, Affinity) followed by incubation with appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature and counterstaining with DAPI (Beyotime, Cat. No. C1006).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing